Intel meint dazu:
Level 1 Execution Trace Cache
In addition to the 8-KB data cache, the Pentium 4 processor includes an Execution Trace Cache that stores up to 12-K decoded micro-ops in the order of program execution. This increases performance by removing the decoder from the main execution loop and makes more efficient usage of the cache storage space since instructions that are branched around are not stored. The result is a means to deliver a high volume of instructions to the processor's execution units and a reduction in the overall time required to recover from branches that have been mis-predicted.
512-KB Level 2 Advanced Transfer Cache
512-KB L2 Advanced Transfer Cache (ATC) is available with speeds from 3.20 to 2.40 GHz. The Level 2 ATC delivers a much higher data throughput channel between the Level 2 cache and the processor core. The Advanced Transfer Cache consists of a 256-bit (32-byte) interface that transfers data on each core clock. As a result, the Pentium 4 processor at 3.20 GHz can deliver a data transfer rate of 102 GB/s. This compares to a transfer rate of 16 GB/s on the Pentium III processor at 1 GHz. Features of the ATC include:
Non-Blocking, full speed, on-die level 2 cache
8-way set associativity
256-bit data bus to the level 2 cache
Data clocked into and out of the cache every clock cycle
Die unterschiedlichen Cache-Größen hängen natürlich mit den unterschiedlichen "Einsatzbereichen" zusammen